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Demonstration City I Hamburg - Germany
Hamburg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, is one of Germany´s 16 federal states and, with a population of over 1.8 Mio, the second-largest city in Germany and 8th largest in the European Union. The city's metropolitan region is home to more than five million people. Hamburg’s transport sector is responsible for 27% of the cities direct emissions (BUE n.d.), and although the share of private motor vehicle trips is decreasing, the overall number of travelled passenger kilometres is expected to increase. In terms of air pollution Hamburg is ranked as one of the of the worst performing cities of Germany (Urbanista 2017). One major source for air pollution is the port of Hamburg, being one of the biggest in Europe and located in the city centre; around one third of nitrogen oxide pollution can be attributed to it (SZ 2019). Apart from measures targeting vessel and port management, Hamburg implemented also measures to reduce noise and air pollution by enhancing the general (road) traffic situation, e.g. using emission free vehicles in public transport, improving the cycling infrastructure, or set-up of intermodal sharing systems. It has set a goal to reduce overall CO2-emissions by 40 per cent in 2020 and 55 per cent in 2030.
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E-Mobility for last-mile connectivity
The public transport operator (Hochbahn) will develop an e-scooter sharing system with support of the project (50 e-scooter co-funded by the project and the city), which will aim to test an incentive and pricing scheme that complements the public transport system and coverage rather than competing with it.
The introduction of charging solutions (T-Systems), smart last-mile services in the peri-urban (SOLUTIONSplus Maas App) will be part of demonstration activities. This will also analyse the complementarities of potential business models.
Hamburg will mirror some of the demonstration actions carried out in Nanjing, China.
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Planned actions
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Trends and drivers
Between 2002 and 2017 the share of bicycle trips in Hamburg grew from just under 10 to 15 per cent. The share of public transport rose from just under 20 to 22 percent. Hamburg's hinterland also shows a slight increase in share of public transport (currently around 10 per cent). 27 per cent of all trips by Hamburg residents are on foot. In the surrounding area, it is only around 20 per cent in 2017 (infas 2019, 6). The public transport system receives high approval rates, with three out of four respondents grading it with good or very good (only walking scores better) (infas 2019, p. 20).
Motorised private transport had a share of 26 per cent in 2017. This means that the citizens of Hamburg covered a good third of their journeys by car, motorbike or truck. In 2002 and 2008, this share was still over 30 per cent. However, in the surrounding area, the decline in the use of private vehicles is small: from over 60 per cent in 2008 now falling just below this mark (infas 2019, p. 7). In general, the average length of the distances travelled by car increases, while the proportion of these distances decreases (ibid). In Hamburg, more than half of all passenger kilometres are currently travelled by car every day (40,000,000 out of 70,000,000 km).
Regarding electric mobility Hamburg is quite advanced, compared to other German cities. With 600 publicly accessible charging stations Hamburg is the city with the most charging stations in Germany. It is planed to expand the number by 2019 to at least 1,000 charging points. And a further 150 charging points will be set up at so called switchh locations (intermodal sharing hubs) for the use of e-carsharing vehicles. The number of electric vehicles used in Hamburg as of 2017 is 2,387. In addition, there are around 1,000 electric vehicles from the metropolitan region, some of which are useing the charging infrastructure daily (BUE n.d.). Goal is to have an emission-free bus fleet in 2030 (HOCHBAHN 2018).
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